A cinematographer, also known as a Director of Photography (DOP) or videographer, is responsible for camera operation, composition, framing, and media. Their job is to contribute to, and execute, the director’s cinematic vision for the video. They are essential in crafting the look, colour, and lighting of each scene, making sure the footage meets the editors requirements to cut the video. 

During the pre-production, the cinematographer works with the director to develop the visual style, select equipment, and design lighting setups. On the production day, they lead the camera crew and work with the lighting technicians to ensure each shot is filmed and framed as planned. 

The cinematographer is responsible for:

• Shot planning: Attending the technical scout to assist the producer in production management and scheduling, as well as taking reference images for the client if required. 
• Camera Placement: Strategic positioning of the camera to capture the best perspective. This influences how the audience connects with the subject, revealing characters’ behaviour or highlighting their emotional states.
• Camera Movement: Dynamic shots that enhance the story’s energy and emotion. Movement can add a subjective perspective, making viewers feel part of the action or create a static objective view.
• Camera Angles: Influences how the audience perceives the subject. Different angles can make a character appear powerful or vulnerable, guiding the viewer’s emotional response.
• Lens Choice: Creates different visual effects and atmospheres. The right lens can draw viewers into an intimate moment or provide a wide view of the scene, dramatically changing the vibe.
• Briefing the Gaffer: To set the tone and mood of each scene. Light choices—type, colour, and intensity—amplify emotions, create atmosphere, and guide focus.
• Shot Size and Composition: Determines how much of the scene is visible and how elements are arranged. Close-ups can indicate intimacy, while wide shots provide context or show isolation.
• Depth of Field: Guides the viewer’s focus within the frame. Sharp subjects against a blurred background emphasise emotions, while clear fore- and backgrounds provide detailed context.

Aspect Ratio: Shapes the overall viewing experience. A wide frame feels cinematic and epic, while a narrower one is more personal and character-driven.